Database normalization Essay Example

Database standardization Essay Example Database standardization Essay Database standardization Essay SMS permits clients to store practically the entirety of their schools data electronically, remembering data for understudies, representatives, showing techniques and so on. Above all, this data can be handily imparted to approved clients, records can be effortlessly looked, and reports can be effectively produced. The School Management System (SMS) will supplant the paper-based information assortment and data trade framework among the different branches of a specific school. The School Management System gives an imaginative answer for Todays school record-keeping difficulties. School Management Software is a finished and modified answer for a school taking care of ordinary Management work. By experiencing the progression of utilization one can undoubtedly keep up its understudy detail, charges detail, Employee detail, Certificate subtleties, tests and Transportation Detail. SMS has the majority of the offices that a cutting edge school requires to mechanize its everyday occupations. It gives offices to keep the records of understudy, charges, instructing and non-showing staff with all their necessary subtleties alongside totally required exchange taking care of. It has offices to produce different kinds of reports. The school the board programming will give you chance to deal with your obligations whether youre simply beginning or are an accomplished proficient. Foundation of the undertaking: Nordic auxiliary school was manufactured April ninny pesters city, the capital Of Somalia Nordic optional school is situated behind the gulags inn and close to the rancher pioneer statehouse in the red ocean zone of bother get to streets that lead to the passageway of the school are numerous however never toeless, two significant streets originate from both east and west of the school. Nordic auxiliary school comprises of 13-study halls, a library and two office-rooms and one space for the security monitors. There is a can-adolescent for understudies an enormous play area, ten separate toilets and two water tanks for the utilization of male and female understudies and staff individuals. To supplement the structures, is a tall solid, border fence worked around the entire complex. The huge, steel passageway and ways out door isn't intended to keep a way interloper however to make a suitable situation that is conductive to picking up/educating climate. The full limit of the school is intended to give learning space to 1100 understudies of both genders, who are required to embrace their auxiliary investigations in two distinct movements during the morning and evening. Alumni of Nordic Secondary School will be ensured effective just when they pass the SEC (Somalia General Certificate of Education). Nordic School has the accompanying affirmation rules: finish of evaluation 8 elementary school and accommodation of tributes from Somalia service Of instruction in respect. TO be joined by guardians or dependable watchman, during enrollment and marking of fundamental confirmation structures. Why we need School Management System? On the off chance that you need to look through an understudies record in 2 seconds, you need SMS. On the off chance that you need to know which study hall is utilized by which class, you need SMS. On the off chance that you need to realize who is showing whom, you need SMS. In the event that you need to print understudies semester proclamation under a moment, you need SMS. On the off chance that you need to print new semester data letter under a moment, you need SMS. On the off chance that you need to see a class timetable in under 5 seconds, you need SMS-If you need to know where your properties are and how much theyre worth, SMS. In the event that you need to naturally send messages or short instant messages to understudies guardians if something occurs, you need SMS And a lot more Problem articulation: Nora clamor auxiliary school utilizes a manual framework which can be hard to oversee schools data remembering data for understudies, workers, showing techniques and so forth. Putting away records and other data like arriving at requires some investment that will diminish tedious likewise it needs a great deal of human exercises and that will build the workers of the school. Because of the expansion of understudies as of late, the organization of Nordic Secondary School confronted a trouble and confused work from enrolling understudies, understudy installments, staff enlistment, buss enlistment, following understudies tests, offering reports to the guardians and understudies. This stoppage offers us the chance to understand the need of another electronic framework so as to lessen the blunders, wasteful work, and powerful outstanding task at hand from the representatives and the school the board. These issues that we referenced above are the serious issues that need to settle in any capacity that it very well may be explained we will attempt to tackle some portion of them. Undertaking Scope: This venture will deal with all the issues of the school in mechanized framework Student Management : Based on Students from Secondary level a) Student Personal Details b) Pass/Fail Entry Fee Management : Based on Day Wise and Fixed a) Fee Configuration b) Monthly Fees Collection Report Generation a) Reports about the understudies b) Reports about understudy like(student list by class astute , ,and same location and so on) c) Report for the guardians like ( understudy grades, test results and so on) d) Information can be effectively imparted to approved clients, records can be handily looked, and reports can be effortlessly created. ) Handling the confirmations procedure f) Handling records of assessments, evaluations, imprints, evaluations and scholarly movement. We will attempt our best to introduce the data viably. Objectives and destinations of the task: This undertaking depends on the RAIDS innovation; the principle target of this venture is to mechanize the m anual framework lessen the time utilization. At the end of the day we can say that our task has the accompanying goals:- Make the framework modernize. Simple to get data like (enrollment, installment expenses, tests, grade reports, and numerous other important data) Of an understudy. Lessen time utilization. Decrease blunder scope. All framework administrations are computerized. Unified database the executives. Simple tasks for administrator of the framework. Putting away records and other data like looking is a lot simpler. No administrative work necessity. It will be anything but difficult to follow costs and confirm each cost and where it originates from Validation rules can be utilized so as to guarantee better check. No need progressively fixed. All procedure should be possible consequently as you enter information. You don't need to do a similar undertaking again and again. There will be a brought together database which is appropriate at the hour Of dynamic. We will attempt our best to introduce the data adequately. Asset necessity of the task: Hardware: Processor Speed Hard Disk Space Ram Memory Operating System Windows Server MAD Semipro 533 MAZE 20 KGB (mm. ) 64 MBA programming: Win 7/Vista/XP Database SSI Server 2005 Front end Visual Basic 2008 1 Literature Review: As we probably am aware there are such a large number of venture of school the executives framework that tackled the manual framework into mechanized framework. Here are some of school the board frameworks and what sorts of the issue are tackled: 1: school the executives framework programming variant 1. 2. 1: This product covers the significant errands of the school remembering data for understudies, workers, showing strategies and so on; SMS permits clients to store practically the entirety of their schools data electronically. 2: school the board framework form 2. 4. 4: New solid and quick school the executives programming with the incredible clients support. Itll help you with your every day school the board schedules and convey you from your administrative work. Standard Edition is free. 3: School Management System Version 3. This School Management System expected to give total modernized activities in any school. Understudies can be overseen, Attendance, Fees, Examination, Leaving modules. Staff records can be electronic Staff Salary > Leaving modules. Bookkeeping module is incorporated with every other module to disposing of exchang e duplication. 4: E-school Management System: Is an extensive electronic School Management Software. It is intended for better cooperation between understudies, educators, guardians the board. This administration programming effortlessly handles all The necessities for simple school the board. The product being online can be gotten to from any;OHare on the planet, which empowers the understudies, educators, guardians the administration be in contact with one another consistently. 5: Online School Management framework: This school programming the board framework is accessible in a wide assortment, regarding size, ability and degree. These bundles can meet the necessities of little organizations to enormous colleges adequately. Regardless of whether a littler framework is bought, it tends to be refreshed to a progressively proficient and present day form by buying add-on modules. The absolute most regular capacities performed by these wonderful machines incorporate taking care of the opening of organization, successfully dealing with any understudy related requests, putting away decisions for various methods of instructing, enlisting new understudies, making instructor and class plans, giving factual information, keeping up discipline records, keeping record of correspondence made with the understudies, recording assessments, evaluating the imprints, reviewing every understudy dependent on the imprints, monitoring scholarly movement, recording wellbeing status of understudies, speaking with the guardians about the advancement of their wards through a parent gateway, giving individual training plan or any custom curriculum software engineer, recording accounts, doing HR and planning administrations, keeping up subtleties of motel, and some more. This school the board framework programming is not quite the same as the entirety of this product which Can understa nd the inward and outer of the school information and can without much of a stretch retrievable any data including understudy subtleties ,representative data ,educators ,and all individuals from the school at the end of the day we can say it is easy to understand . Framework Analysi

Tourism in Australia

Question: Examine about the Tourism in Australia. Answer: Inroduction: The travel industry in Australia is a significant piece of the economy of the nation. This industry contributes a colossal add up to the GDP of the nation (Mahadevan 2014). The travel industry in Australia includes visit of the global and national guests (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). Australia has a differing geographic highlights running from mountains to seas, pastries to plain terrains, which draw in guests from everywhere throughout the world. It was seen that specific extraordinary fascination of each nation pulls in the guests to their nation. In this task, the goals that draw in voyagers most to Australia would be investigated. Data would be given about the procedure of information assortment and techniques for examination of the information. The normal result of the investigation would likewise be talked about in this task. Issue Statement The issue explanation of the examination is to recognize the goal that draws in the majority of the travelers to Australia. Research Aim The point of the exploration is to locate the most alluring traveler goal of Australia that pulls in the vacationers to visit Australia. Research Objective The goal of the examination is as per the following: To comprehend the travel industry of Australia To discover the most appealing traveler goal of Australia Research Questions The exploration questions are as per the following: How did the travel industry in Australia change in the course of the most recent ten years? Which is the most favored goal of Australia by the visitors of Australia? What is the most wanted unique fascination of Australia that pulls in greatest visitors? Writing Review As per the perspective of Mahadevan (2014), it was discovered that the travel industry speaks to 3.0% of the economy of Australia in the year 2014 2015. There were about 7.4 million guests to Australia in the year 2015. The travel industry gives employments to around 580800 individuals of Australia in the year 2014 2015. It was likewise observed that travel industry in Australia contributes about 8.0% of the absolute fare income in the year 2010 2011 (Harvey et al. 2013). Along these lines, it very well may be seen that travel industry is one of the most significant industry in Australia. It was seen that there are different appealing goals in Australia that ranges from slopes to the ocean sea shores, regular marvel to prominent goals. The well known goals in Australia include different seaside urban areas like Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne. There are prominent goals in Australia, which incorporates Queensland, the Great Barrier Reef and the Gold Coast (Techera and Klein 2013). The alluring normal wonder of Australia incorporates the Uluru or the Ayres Rock and the Australian outback. Tasmania is a piece of Australia, which is loaded with normal magnificence. Tasmanian wild is another alluring goal for the vacationers in Australia. The untamed life of Tasmania is another appealing element of Australia. The Sydney Opera House is another appealing goal in Australia (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). According to the perspective of Abascal et al. (2016), it is seen that the creatures like kangaroo and koala bear pulls in voyagers to Australia. These creatures are indigenous to Australia. Individuals visit Australia so as to see the locals of these creatures and experience the excellence of Australia. Australia has assorted variety of atmosphere and travelers can appreciate both calm and tropical atmosphere in Australia. According to the perspective of Pham et al. (2014), it is seen that aboriginals of Australia and their locals is another significant fascination of Australia. These individuals are the indigenous individuals of Australia. As per the perspective of Scott and Ruhanen (2015), sports are another significant fascination of Australia. From cricket to football, rugby to tennis and surfing to plunging, each game of Australia is bold and appealing. There are various games of aboriginals, which are similarly alluring as different games of Australia. These are different attractions of the sightseers as they get the chance to encounter assortments of sports in Australia. Every one of these spots and experiences are similarly alluring to draw in voyagers in Australia. Notwithstanding, the most appealing spot and most visited spot of Australia couldn't be resolved. In this task, a thought regarding the most liked and the most alluring spot of Australia would be given. Strategy Factors Essential factors that would be considered in this examination incorporates the goals visited by the voyagers, number of times the vacationer had visited the goal, reasons of visiting the goal over and over and the most alluring goal of Australia for the visitor. Auxiliary variable would be the most appraised sites of the goals of Australia. The reliant variable for this examination would be most appealing goal of Australia and the free factors would be number of times the visitor had visited the goal, reasons of visiting the goal over and again and the most appraised sites of the goals of Australia. Information Collection and Research Design Essential information would be gathered by the strategy for overview. Thirty travelers would be arbitrarily chosen and they would be furnished with a poll to top off. This would give the essential information of the study. Optional information would be gathered from the different sites of the travel industry of Australia. These sites would give a thought regarding the most evaluated sites of the goals of Australia. Information Analysis The gathered information would be exposed to measurable investigation, which incorporates strategies for recurrence and techniques for connection and relapse so as to locate the most alluring goal of Australia. The technique for recurrence would give a tally of the most visited spots of Australia and the strategies for connection and relapse would give a thought regarding the reliance of the needy variable on the autonomous variable. End From the above research proposition, it could be inferred that the visit to different areas of Australia shifts from individual to individual. This visit relies upon different variables that extend from monetary to undertakings. The level of reliance of the needy variable on the free factors would be investigated in this exploration, which would give a thought regarding the degree to which the most appealing spot is affected by the autonomous factors. Proposal It is suggested that the most pulled instead of Australia must include new highlights at the spot with the goal that vacationers discover more motivations to visit them every now and again. The other alluring spots must improve their highlights so as to attract more sightseers to their places. This would help the travel industry of Australia to build their income throughout the years. References Abascal, T.E., Fluker, M. also, Jiang, M., 2016. Local interest for Indigenous the travel industry in Australia: understanding expectation to participate.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-19. Amelung, B. also, Nicholls, S., 2014. Ramifications of environmental change for the travel industry in Australia.Tourism Management,41, pp.228-244. Harvey Lemelin, R., Powys Whyte, K., Johansen, K., Higgins Desbiolles, F., Wilson, C. what's more, Hemming, S., 2013. Clashes, front lines, indigenous people groups and the travel industry: tending to cacophonous legacy in fighting the travel industry in Australia and North America in the twenty-first century.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,7(3), pp.257-271. Mahadevan, R., 2014. Understanding senior self-drive the travel industry in Australia utilizing a possibility conduct model.Journal of Travel Research,53(2), pp.252-259. Pham, T.D., Kookana, J. what's more, Silec, D., 2014. The State Tourism Satellite Accounts arrangement has been created as a component of a displaying program built up and financed in organization with the Australian Government and every one of the state and region the travel industry workplaces to upgrade comprehension of the monetary elements of the travel industry. The travel industry Research Australia thanks the state and domain the travel industry workplaces who have inspected and added to this report. Scott, N. also, Ruhanen, L., 2015. The travel industry Queensland, Australia. Techera, E.J. also, Klein, N., 2013. The job of law in shark-based eco-the travel industry: exercises from Australia.Marine Policy,39, pp.21-28.

How Many Questions Can You Miss for a Perfect ACT score

Sohow many questions can you miss for a perfect ACT score? You can get up to five questions wrong on the ACT (or skip them—the test doesnt deduct points in either case, so they count the same towards your score) and still get a perfect score of 36. That statement, though, has to be heavily qualified! For instance, those five questions? Theyd have to be in precise categories/sections of the exam for you to still get a 36. So, actually, there are only handful of scenarios in which you could miss these questions and still get that top score. And Im sure youre wondering by now: Just what might these scenarios look like? Lets take a brief overview of them before looking at strategies to help you get that perfect score and what a 36 is really worth. How Many Questions Can You Miss For a Perfect ACT Score? ACT Test SectionScenario 1: Maximum Wrong Answers by SectionScenario 2: Maximum Wrong Answers by SectionScenario 3: Maximum Wrong Answers by SectionScenario 00 out of the 1.8 million students who took the ACT in last year’s graduating class got a perfect score. So it’s possible, but don’t beat yourself up over it. A perfect 36 is a cool thing, but it isnt the end-all, be-all of ACT scores. Nevertheless, following these tips hopefully will help you increase your odds of a perfect scoreor at least get you a little bit closer. And, as a bonus, someday you will make an amazing ACT tutor. 🙂 For even more tips to get that perfect (or very high) score, Magooshs ACT expert, Kristin, has some advice: Video: How to Get a Perfect Score on the ACT ACT Expert, Kristin Fracchia, shows you how to get a perfect score on the ACT in English, Math, Reading, Science and Writing in this video from Magoosh. The Final Final Answer All in all: if you want to get a perfect score on the ACT, youre better off studying than worrying about how many questions you can get wrong and still achieve that score. However, if you must know: you can get between three and five questions wrong and still get a perfect score on the ACT, depending on the category in which you get them wrong. PS For those of you confused about how the 1-36 ACT score works—after all, there arent exactly 36 questions in any section—we explain it a little more here.

Henry David Thoreaus Where I lived, and What I Lived For...

Henry David Thoreaus Where I lived, and What I Lived For I found Henry David Thoreau?s ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? made a very convincing argument. He has many examples to support his beliefs. Thoreau stresses the importance and value of living the simplest life nature affords, which I believe is as important now as it was in his day. ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? opens with Thoreau describing how he came to live in a small, dilapidated cabin near Walden Pond. He speaks of the many farms he imagines owning, yet never does. Thoreau describes the landscape of the pond and the surrounding area. One of the highlights of Thoreau?s simple daily routine is to watch the sun rise and set on the pond. The†¦show more content†¦He says, ?I did not need to go out doors to take the air, for the atmosphere within had lost none of its freshness. It was not so much within doors as behind a door where I sat, even in the rainiest weather? (13). The cabin?s location also attributes to the simplicity Thoreau portrays. I like the great analogy Thoreau uses to express how remote the cabin is. He says that to his neighbors, he must look as a distant star because he is so far away. Thoreau uses straightforward language to express his point. He states directly, ?Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!? (16). He believes that we should have no more than one or two affairs at a time. Thoreau jokingly writes about man?s need to build a railroad to make our lives simpler. He asks, ?And if railroads are not built, how shall we get to heaven? But if we stay at home and mind our business, who will want railroads (16). Many believe that by building railroads we will simplify traveling, but in truth the work it takes to upkeep the railroads has only further complicated our lives. I love Thoreau?s assertion that if everyone agrees to slow down, our lives would be much simpler. This is true today too, in that a when four-lane highway becomes congested, it is turned into a six or eight lane highway. This, however, rarely eases the congestion. In this way, Thoreau?s assertion remains true. Thoreau then makes a very valid point about theShow MoreRelated Henry Thoreaus Where I Lived and What I Lived For and E.B. Whites Once More to the Lake991 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Thoreaus Where I Lived and What I Lived For and E.B. Whites Once More to the Lake At first glance, Henry Thoreau’s, Where I Lived and What I Lived For, and E.B. White’s, Once More to the Lake, have nothing in common. After several readings; however, one can interpret that both authors have the same message. Even though Thoreau and White use extremely different styles, they both portray nature as the simplest way of life. 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The film Into the WIld largely encaptures the ideas of Henry David Thoreau, sometimes by quoting him, especially his extremely famous piece Where I Lived and What I Lived For. It is very obvious to the audience that Chris is a fan of Thoreau’s writing and he connects to it greatly. Chris is able to portray to the audience that he hasRead MoreHenry David Thoreau and the Counterculture1357 Words   |  6 Pagesand philosophical movement, associated with Henry David Thoreau and the Counterculture, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. Imagination and individuality are associated with the term. Henry David Thoreau who was a leading philosopher and poet was a leading transcendentalist. He compiled a novel titled Walden, a no n-fiction depicting his stay at Walden Pond where he truly explored nature and his transcendentalRead MoreWalden and Transcendentalism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesWALDEN AND TRANSCENDENTALISM Henry Thoreau’s masterpiece, Walden or a Life in the Woods, shows the impact transcendentalism had on Thoreau’s worldview. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material. Transcendentalism puts the emphasis on spiritual growth and understanding as opposed to worldly pleasures. Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism stressed the importance of nature and being close to nature. He believed that nature was a metaphorRead MoreHenry David Thoreaus Sociological Experimentation in Isolation655 Words   |  3 PagesIn Henry David Thoreau’s writings, he explores a different, more thoughtful way of life. Thoreau was a student of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson gave Thoreau the property on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts; where Thoreau spent about two years living away from the society. Thoreau’s social experimentation required him to separate himself from the society, to be an individual, and to learn from his experiences. Henry David Thoreau was given a piece of property on Walden Pond by Emerson. EvenRead MoreThoreau And Transcendentalism Analysis828 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau’s views on Transcendentalism and how he practiced it. If it has not become apparent thus far Emerson and Thoreau were close friends and lived with each other on occasion. Naturally because of their close friendship they influence each other’s work, but in most cases you can see Emerson’s influence in Thoreau’s works clearly. His is the main difference between the two writers however in their belief and writing patterns Thoreau loved nature. 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Thoreau stresses the importance and value of living the simplest life nature affords, which I believe is as important now as it was in his day. ?Where I Lived, and What I Lived For? Opens with Thoreau describing how he came to live in a small, dilapidated cabin near Walden Pond. He speaksRead MoreTranscendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesHenry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau grew up in poverty; his dad was unsuccessful and had trouble maintaining a steady job. Thoreau followed in his father’s footsteps, ultimately bouncing from job to job, scorned by society for his unconventional way of living and lack of income (Henry David Thoreau, Discovering Biography). Thoreau began to write with the guidance of Ralph Waldo Emerson who became one of the most important influences in his life. Living

Significant Issues Facing Entrepreneurs in IT-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Significant issues facing entrepreneurs in IT. Answer: Introduction From the age of industrialisation the entrepreneurial ventures have made their place in various industries. All around the world there are many new entrepreneurial ventures that are coming up (Ashe-Edmunds, 2018). Entrepreneurs have an idea of changing the society and later develop that idea into the business. Such ventures have helped the society in many ways especially in lifting their standards of life style. This has led to coming up of any new business. It is also to be understood that since the business has transformed a lot over the years. This has created many issues for the entrepreneurs that are present in the industry. The major challenges are occurring for the new entrepreneurs that are planning to come up in the industry. In the modern times most of the entrepreneurial ventures are coming up in the IT industry. This report highlights the entrepreneurial ventures that are coming up in the society and the challenges that they are facing while establishing their business. I t also describes the factors that influence the probability of new venture achieving success. Description of the industry IT industry in the current times is the biggest industry in the whole world. IT mediums have become an integral part of the lives of individuals as well as for the operations of every organisation. Most of the companies in this industry are working either in secondary sector or tertiary sector (Bailetti, 2012). There have been shift in the number of entrepreneurial ventures from the automobile industry in the start of the 20th century to IT industry towards the end of the same century. Since the speed of research that is going on the IT industries are larger in number. This has led to emergence of new ideas as per the requirements of the society which have been successfully transformed the new business. The dependence on IT mediums for completing most of the operations in other industries has also boosted up new ventures in this industry. Some of the most successful entrepreneurs are from this industry who is also great innovators like Steve smith co-founder of Apple or Sergey brin a nd Larry page founders of Google Inc. Significant issues facing entrepreneurs in IT In spite of having so many new entrepreneurial ventures this fact cannot be denied that there are significant amount of issues that are faced by them in the information and technology sector. All these issues are pulling down the success ratio in the longer run. Some of the issues faced by entrepreneurs are as follows: Heavy investment: Since the number of researches that are going on in this industry is large in number. This has compelled entrepreneurs to invest a lot on the various kinds of research related to their business (Chakravarty, Grewal Sambamurthy, 2013). The research must be in terms of the demands the consumers have as well as the need of the technology industry. This has forced entrepreneurs to be more selective while carrying on with any idea. Although comparative to other industry, the amount of investments that is needed by this industry is less. Existing competition: The competition in the IT industry is getting tougher and tougher. The survival of the ventures has not remained any easy task. There are lot of bigger companies who have control over the larger part of the market and hence coming up with the new idea and making it count for the business is a difficult task (Del Giudice Straub, 2011). Bigger and smaller firms that are doing extensive research in the same fields and hence they have more power to influence the demands of the market. Ethics: The penetration of the IT industry in the personal lives of the people have increased significantly, there are lot of ethical issues that are also coming up. One of the most significant challenges that entrepreneurs are facing is about the security of the personal data of billions of people on their servers (Drucker, 2014). There are many hackers that are operating in different parts of the world and are working for either stealing or corrupting the data. They sometimes also intend to destroy the system. This is a matter of concerns for the entrepreneurs in this sector. Technological advancements: Technology in the fields of IT sector has been advancing at very fast rate. This has created many new challenges for the entrepreneurs as they need to raise funds for making technological advancements (Ejermo Xiao, 2014). It is a challenge for most of the entrepreneurs as the cost of the new technologies and their implementation is very high. It is also to be understood that bigger companies that are already established has large amount of resources and hence they can easily make these changes but for the new firms it is a bigger challenge. Level of entrepreneurial activity in the IT industry There are large numbers of entrepreneurial activities that are going on in the IT industry. This has also been possible due to the fact that there are huge amount of researches that are going on in this industry (Lundqvist, 2014). Due to this there are many new entrepreneurs that are coming up. It was also possible due to larger numbers of investors interested for investing in the new ideas. It is a result of the new entrepreneurial ventures that the cost of the technology and the software being used inside the industry has decreased considerably. It has also resulted in making sure those things that was considered to be impossible some decades back is possible in the present scenario. New kinds of entrepreneurial ventures are coming up is based on the idea that can resolve some of the problems existing in the society. There are many challenges that are faced by the societies and the entrepreneurs are trying to resolve those. There are many new ventures at the local levels are coming up that are promoting the expansion of this industry in the lives of the people. They are easily getting investments by the investors or government based on the ideas of their. In most of the parts of the seeing the socio-cultural benefits of entrepreneurial activity the governments are also promoting it in different ways (Martn-Rojas, Garca-Morales Bolvar-Ramos, 2013). On the larger platform there are many entrepreneurs that have made their name but are investing in the new technologies of Future like the Virgin group and some more. On the smaller levels there are small entrepreneurs that have emerged in many countries. These smaller entrepreneurs are basically providing services to the bigger firms. Most of them are just the entrepreneurs that are utilising someone else ideas for continuing with their business. Factors that influence the probability of new venture success It is crucial to understand the probability of new venture gaining success in the industry without which investments can go in loses (Nambisan, 2013). There are many factors that are influencing the success of the new ventures. Some of them are as follows: Competition: The more the competition in the market the lesser the chances to achieve success in new ventures. Bigger competitors always tend to influence the trends in the market which has a direct impact on the performance of the new entrepreneurs coming in the industry (Onetti, Zucchella, Jones McDougall-Covin, 2012). Innovativeness: The higher the innovativeness in the idea of the entrepreneurs, the higher the probability of gaining success. This is due to the reason that innovativeness in the idea always helps in satisfying the needs of particular sections of the society. Innovative products always find its place in the market as they create blue ocean strategy for the company. Value of the product: More valuable a product is for the market more is the chances of it getting success. It is also crucial that entrepreneurs make an operational mechanism where in stage value is added to the products because it is only thing for which a company pays (West, 2012). Need of the society: There are many entrepreneurial ventures that get failed. This is due to the reason that they are unable to fulfil the need of the society or they are many a time unnecessary and fall short of fulfilling the needs of the consumers. Resources: The amount of resources and the quality of the resources an entrepreneur has arranged for doing their business has impacts the probability of their success (Ratten, 2013). In IT industry entrepreneurs needs to make sure that they have most advanced technologies and an excellent talent pool for developing their business. Conclusion From the above report it can summarised that there are many entrepreneurial ventures that are coming up in the IT industry. Many of these entrepreneurs come with the original ideas while most of them copy the ideas of others. IT industry is one of the fastest growing industries and many new kind of smaller entrepreneurs are also coming up in the industry. Apart from this there are many issues that are faced by the entrepreneurs in this industry. Understanding the trends in the IT market is one of the most essential aspects in any entrepreneurial venture. It is crucial that many of the new entrepreneurial ventures are coming up at different levels of IT industry. There are several factors that are affecting the probability of success for the entrepreneurial ventures References Ashe-Edmunds, (2018) What Factors Affect the Entrepreneur's Success?. [Online]. Retrieved from: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/factors-affect-entrepreneurs-success-21409.html. Bailetti, T. (2012). Technology entrepreneurship: overview, definition, and distinctive aspects.Technology Innovation Management Review,2(2), 5. Chakravarty, A., Grewal, R., Sambamurthy, V. (2013). Information technology competencies, organizational agility, and firm performance: Enabling and facilitating roles.Information Systems Research,24(4), 976-997. Del Giudice, M., Straub, D. (2011). Editor's comments: IT and entrepreneurism: an on-again, off-again love affair or a marriage?.MIS Quarterly,35(4), iii-viii. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Ejermo, O., Xiao, J. (2014). Entrepreneurship and survival over the business cycle: how do new technology-based firms differ?.Small Business Economics,43(2), 411-426. Lundqvist, M. A. (2014). The importance of surrogate entrepreneurship for incubated Swedish technology ventures.Technovation,34(2), 93-100. Martn-Rojas, R., Garca-Morales, V. J., Bolvar-Ramos, M. T. (2013). Influence of technological support, skills and competencies, and learning on corporate entrepreneurship in European technology firms.Technovation,33(12), 417-430. Nambisan, S. (2013). Information technology and product/service innovation: A brief assessment and some suggestions for future research.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(4), 215. Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M. V., McDougall-Covin, P. P. (2012). Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms.Journal of Management Governance,16(3), 337-368. Ratten, V. (2013). Cloud computing: A social cognitive perspective of ethics, entrepreneurship, technology marketing, computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy on behavioural intentions.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),21(3), 137-146. West, D. M. (2012). How mobile technology is driving global entrepreneurship.Brookings Policy Report

While Giving The Gettysburg Address On November 19, 1863 There Were Th

While giving the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863 there were three major factors that helped Abraham Lincoln to convey his message that all men are created equal and should be so treated. Those three major factors were the audience, his attitude while giving the address, and the techniques that he used while giving the address at Gettysburg. One of the reasons why Abraham Lincoln's Address was so effective was in part due to the audience to whom he spoke. He was speaking in front of mostly white males from the North, who had either the same or similar beliefs as President Lincoln had, which pertained to slavery. This audience helped Mr. Lincoln address not only the audience before him, but also the entire nation. The audience also contributed to his attitude by making him more comfortable. Abraham Lincoln's attitude while giving his Gettysburg Address was calm, but dedicated, and he was trying to convince the audience that all men are created equal. All men. His attitude captured the audience. They believed in what Abraham Lincoln was saying. He spoke to them, in a way, which almost demanded that they keep fighting to end slavery. His attitude was made stronger by the techniques that he used while addressing Gettysburg. The techniques Abraham Lincoln used while giving the Gettysburg Address included the usage of strong, powerful words. It also included alliteration, and even metaphors. He used words like "consecrate," "nobly," and "vain." The usage of alliteration also helped to convey his message, especially when he said, "that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion ? that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ? that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom ? and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth." He used "the battlefield" as a way of speaking about the injustice of slavery. So by using strong powerful words, using alliteration, and by using metaphors, Abraham Lincoln was able to convey his message, that all men are created equal. Thus by having the right audience, the "right" attitude, and the techniques that he used, Abraham Lincoln was able to convey his message that all men are created equal.

Britain in an Age of Total War

Britain in an Age of Total War Free Online Research Papers 1. What can you learn from source A about the response of the British people to the effects of the blitz? This is an extract from a book celebrating the positive outcome of the blitz; it portrays the British people as being brave and determined. Using words like â€Å"heroes† and â€Å"unshakeable determination† it evokes the famous image of British resolve and strength of mind in the face of â€Å"terror and tragedy†. However since this was written in a book to commemorate the blitz fifty years later it is not the purpose of this extract to criticize the reaction of the British people but only to celebrate their grit and success in uniting as a country, therefore it is not a completely reliable piece of evidence to use as it only shows one side of the British peoples’ response. Furthermore this extract gives no factual evidence to support its claims. 2. How useful are sources B and C in helping you to understand the effects of the blitz on people in Britain? Sources B and C illustrate the role of propaganda and censorship in Britain at the time of the war. Source B shows the extent of the damage and tragedy that the British, particularly Londoners, suffered on a daily basis during the blitz. It is an extremely sad and upsetting photo as it shows dead children, the fact that it was censored shows that the government thought that the effect this photo would have on the British public would be demoralizing and therefore detrimental to the war effort. Some people argue that censorship of this kind was hypocritical in a war for democracy against fascism but others maintain that in order to win the war to save democracy it was, paradoxically, necessary for the British people to lose some of their own rights. Source C definitely is evidence to show the morale and ‘grit’ of the British nation; it shows people whose houses have apparently been bombed standing together smiling and holding their thumbs up. However it is impossible to know whether this photo was staged or purposefully given the wrong caption in order to be used as propaganda to help lift the public’s morale. Therefore sources B and C are not 100% useful in showing the effects of the blitz on the people but can be used to show how the British people were portrayed to themselves by the government. 3. Does source d support the evidence of sources B and C about the damage done during air raids? All these sources show the devastation and destruction caused during the air raids; source B shows the huge amount of casualties and deaths caused when the bombs hit a school, source C shows just how many people could lose their homes in a single night and source D very well illustrates the destruction caused in cities and to the buildings, in this way all these pieces of evidence are in agreement. However, where they differ is in how they portray the peoples’ reaction to these events. This is shown especially by the strong contrast of sources C and D, both of which show the devastating aftermath of an air raid. In source C the people are friendly and happy, they are united by tragedy rather than divided; this source is good evidence of the ‘social fusion’ that some historians claim was a positive effect of the blitz and proved the British people had an ability to ‘come together’ in times of hardship. However source D shows an opposite effect of the b litz, instead of helping each other the people in this photograph appear to be in conflict with one another, there seems to be an argument going on which could have been caused by someone taking advantage of this situation to steal from someone else. This image definitely does not show ‘morale’, it shows how important it was for the government to maintain the spirits of the people in order for society to remain stable and normal, and was for these reasons that photos like source B had to be banned. 4. Use sources E, F and G, and your own knowledge, to explain why the government was concerned about the morale of the British people in the autumn of 1940 September 1940 was when the blitz began in Britain. Germany had already invaded Norway, France and Switzerland and now Hitler wanted Britain. The Government knew that if they were going to resist Germany’s attacks they would need the public behind them. So they used propaganda and the press to push an image of a united Britain that had no reason to fear the Germans, they used every possible resource to ensure that the British people did not give way to hysteria or panic. However these attempts were not completely successful; source E (a secret report to the government from 10th September 1940) portrays the way in which London’s east end, the ‘capital’ of the blitz, was affected. It describes the people as running â€Å"madly for shelters† creating an image of chaos and disorder, it makes constant reference to the mass evacuation of the east end by its people; taxis taking â€Å"group after group† to the train stations and people asking the Cit izen’s Advice Bureau if they could be removed from the district. Source F seems to agree with this; it remarks on the â€Å"bitterness† in the east end and the fact that even the king and Queen where booed when they visited there. This shows that the people of the east end were incredibly disaffected and disillusioned with their government; by booing the monarchy, who were at that time still very well respected and loved by the people of Britain, they were rejecting the very idea of being British which is what the royal family symbolise. It was this disillusionment and cynicism that made the government concerned about the morale of the British people. However source G seems to infer that even though the British people were frightened and anxious they did not allow this to affect their contribution to the war effort; â€Å"attendance at work remained surprisingly good† and even the people fleeing the cities or â€Å"trekking† were also â€Å"the same peo ple who continued to turn up for work. 5.’the impression that the British faced the blitz with courage and unity is a myth’ explain whether you agree with this statement†¦ Many people, including those who lived through it, believe the blitz to be Britain’s ‘finest hour’; that the crisis of the war enabled the British people to forget their differences and live together peacefully, but did the war really bring out the best in people? Some people do believe that the war divided the people of Britain rather than uniting them. This is shown by the conflict created in source D, society is reacting in a negative way to the effects of the blitz. This photograph does not show ‘unity’ in any way; it shows the degeneration and breakdown of British society, a people pushed by war to a point where any morals or sense of social harmony is lost. However there is also a theory that the blitz created an unprecedented amount of social fusion between the previously very segregated classes. The rich had the same rations as the poor, a sense of unity was created through the shared realisation that the bombs would not discriminate and clas s divisions noticeably lessened and blurred more than anyone had a right to expect; this is partly shown in source C where you can see lots of people from different backgrounds all coming together despite the fact that the only thing they have in common is that their houses were bombed. But was this new found sense of equality real or just on the surface? Research done at the time shows that the poverty gap between rich and poor was still huge, adequate protection against the bombing was not supplied to the poor. London’s east end was densely populated with some of the poorest people in the country; it was called the ‘capital of the blitz’ as it received ten times more bombs than anywhere else in London but shockingly got the least protection from the government. Statistically you were more likely to die if you were working class, this is shown in source E: â€Å"Exodus from the east end is growing rapidly†- this strongly contradicts the myth of class equa lity. The idea of unity amongst the British people is also opposed by the obvious amount of disillusionment that spread through the workforce during the years of the blitz; although the war did help cause a large industrial boom after the slump of the thirties there was also a lot of striking. In 1941 60,000 men went on strike in Glasgow, there were stoppages across the country and millions of working day were lost. Although the government had expected some industrial Unna rest they were not prepared for this. The Government knew that the war was spreading discontent, so in order to combat this they pushed an image of a united Britain; they made people believe that the war was transforming their country. The government used propaganda to distort what was really happening in order to make the country unite. Some people think that this method of control was unnecessarily patronizing, suppressing and totalitarian, and that trust and morale would have been increased more by the truth rather than lies. However you could argue that it is necessary in a time of war for certain civil rights to be surrendered for the greater good, and that by merely accentuating the positive and emitting the negative the government managed to turn the war around by using morale as a weapon to keep the people behind them in a time when the ends mattered more than the means. I do not think there is one definitive answer to this question; you could argue that the blitz brought out the grit and resolve in the British people that it helped to destroy social boundaries and bring people together in a united front for the greater good. Or you could also argue that, if anything, the fear and social Unna rest created by the blitz managed only to divide a country already separated by class, sex and race; that it amplified existing social tensions and created new problems; that the government had to resort to a hypocritically fascistic method of censorship and propaganda in order to subdue their frightened and apathetic people. But, in conclusion, even though the idea that Britain was united by the war may have been exaggerated, or may even be completely fictional, it did at least contribute largely to the creation of the National Health Service and to Britain becoming the ‘welfare state’. So even if the courage and unity of Britain was a myth, at least this myth had helped to create a New Britain where the people were united by a shared responsibility for the welfare of everyone. Research Papers on Britain in an Age of Total WarAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is Art

Garrowby Hill by David Hockney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Garrowby Hill by David Hockney - Essay Example The essay "Garrowby Hill by David Hockney" explores the life and works of British artist David Hockney, keeping the main focus on the canvas â€Å"Garrowby Hill†. It is really a hedonist canvas every inch of its surface. Our eyes can’t get away the winding road that seems to be moving by itself. The sense of movement is present in all the canvas as its dynamic composition suggests. The vibrant colors give life to the painting, and we feel a joyous vibration of optimism when we stare quietly at â€Å"Garrowby Hill† by David Hockney. The blue curved street on the foreground goes happily deep into the background where we lose sight of it. There is a lonely pine tree at the left side of the foreground. On the other side there is a line of trees going along the road. The geometrical fields are intelligently placed. Green is the predominant color as it is the color of Nature. But coloring in this painting has a deliberate sense of humor, of sensuality, springing from a free-spirited soul. It is obvious that this is not a realist canvas as its coloring and its imagery are a product of the artist’s imagination along a more interpretative line of painting. David Hockney was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, in 1937. He is a painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and designer. He attended Bradford School of Art from 1953 to 1959. Later on he was an outstanding student at the Royal College of Art, where he studied from 1959 to 1962. At the beginning of his career, he used to do abstract painting.

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Law of Evidence - Essay Example This is the case with Carrie, because she has admitted under cross examination that she had made one prior false complaint of rape against another man. Therefore, in the interest of preserving fairness and equity to the defendant in the case, the Judge may have to issue a warning to the jury to exercise caution. Moreover, the content of his warning should also take into account the fact that she has made a prior false complaint. Therefore, the judge may warn the jury to exercise caution and may suggest to the jury that they look for supporting evidence before arriving at a decision basely solely on Carrie’s evidence. (b) If Carrie had indeed been raped, she would have mentioned it to her friend Eva whom she saw first after the incident, but her response when Eve asked if she was all right was â€Å"sure, why not?† This further substantiates the grounds that Carrie is an unreliable witness The prosecution is likely to argue against the issue of a Manjukola warning. They are likely to state that the entire question of corroboration warnings which purportedly allowed protection for defendants was done away with by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994. The reason for this was the complexity they brought into judicial proceedings and their tendency to confuse judges. Therefore they are likely to argue that Carrie’s interests will be compromised and the jury will be unnecessarily prejudiced through the issue of a Manjukola warning which is not necessary. 2. The two major issues that arise with this scenario are (a) Stefan’s silence in Court especially in connection with his alibi which could establish innocence and (b) the need for protection of the young witness Ingrid who has been threatened. Stefan will be treated as a competent witness for himself but not as a compellable witness. Therefore, he will be

Engineering Project Management Essay Example for Free

Engineering Project Management Essay Typical Practice Estimating time to undertake design and drafting tasks, such as the crafting of blueprints for the construction of wooden furniture (e.g. stool, desk, chest) by an expert and the creation of blueprints for buildings of commercial establishments by an architect, requires the method of estimating labor costs. After all, cost estimates require time estimates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Computing the labor cost (technically called as the direct labor cost in management accounting) proceeds by adding the worker’s base rate and indirect payroll costs, such as government securities and insurance. The result is multiplied with the worker’s labor hours. The product of the operation is the labor cost. If labor cost is known and the estimated labor hour is unknown, the manager only has to work around the equation to obtain the estimated time of performing the task. This is the easiest method for the manager, and also the most unreliable because it relies on past data of labor costs. It relies on past data of labor costs because an empirical method is needed, which this method does not include. In such a case, this method is just mere ‘speculation’. It is not an ‘estimation’ in the proper sense of the term because there are no trials and errors done to gather data. From this, there is also a differentiation between ‘past data’ and ‘empirical data’. Past data are also empirical data, but they are gathered in the past, therefore acquiring a less accurate information. Empirical data, after all, require certain use of tools to be obtained. Also, it is unreliable because if the company is new, it cannot use this method—there is no recorded information regarding past operations. Only a long-existing company can benefit from this method of estimating labor hours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One problem in estimating the time and cost in performing design and drafting jobs is that managers can only speculate about the amount of time required by a specific job. For instance, the manager of a firm that designs and produces musical instruments can not know exactly how long in a day can a staff of twenty finishes a certain number of musical instruments. Time is a variable that depends on the quality and quantity of tools, materials, equipment, and workers assigned in performing tasks. In the example of designing musical instruments, the manager should know how long each instrument is designed in its entirety by a specific worker. It would help to get an average rate for this. Afterwards, the average rate will be multiplied to the number of instruments to be designed. If one stops here, this is an incomplete method of computing labor time. The manager should get the time it took the labor to prepare for the task, and how long it took him to bring the musical instrument to the corresponding collectors of the aforementioned products in the management system. Then, the sum is multiplied with the distance of the labor from the shop or wherever he is taking the musical instruments. The resulting product is then added to the product of the average rate and the number of instruments to be designed. Another method in estimating the labor time is by taking the average hours of preceding homogenous tasks. In creating a musical instrument, the manager gets the time it took for a worker to complete one instrument. He then obtains data from the proceeding tasks. By getting the average of the values, we obtain the average hours. Variability and Contingencies The accuracy of the first method is low. First, there is a huge possibility of error in relying past data or performance. A company that designs cars ought to measure the time and cost of labor through direct empirical methods, such as obtaining the rates by which workers accomplish their jobs. However, this method depends on the accuracy of historical data. If historical data are inaccurate, there is a 100% tendency that the result of using this method will produce inaccuracies. This is not recommended for companies because it is not an engineering standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second method is more empirical and far more accurate than the first method. Considering the computation of the average rate, one can not be sure of the precision of this statistical tool. Using the mean, median or mode as a way to produce data for the estimation of the time and cost of labor is inefficient. It is recommended that a variance analysis be conducted so that deviations will be taken into consideration. After all, workers are not robots. They have higher levels of inefficiency and inconsistency of output. A worker has fluctuating labor rates. The time he finishes a job fluctuates in hours or minutes, thereby changing the amount of labor cost. Using the variance analysis as a statistical method in obtaining work rates is more efficient. When this is done, it makes the second estimation method more accurate because deviant cases, or changes in time and labor costs, are taken into consideration. The variance analysis can also be applied on the third method, which also relies on using the mean, median or mode. Since averages are less reliable than doing a variance analysis, the third method can be inaccurate. More statistical methods are needed. Monitoring and Updating As the design and drafting tasks proceed, the practices used to update estimates are the following: regular, intermittent, and periodical recording of average rates in designing and drafting jobs. The practice of having a regular recording system, which requires inputs for every day of labor, is the most accurate but also the most costly. Therefore, it is far from inefficient. Only a huge company can take advantage of this, if there is a high risk involved in not monitoring the time and cost of labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An intermittent recording practice entails intermediate accuracy and cost. This requires inputs every week, month or quarter of the year, depending on the needs of the company to monitor the progress of the fluctuations in time and cost of labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A periodical recording practice is the least costly, but has the risk of being inaccurate because it does not measure everything. It only measures the fluctuations in time and cost of labor between points in time, and not within a span of time. References: Baskette, C. (2006). Avoided cost estimation and post-reform funding allocation for Californias energy efficiency programs. Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation, 31, 1084-1099. Farsi, Mehdi. (2006). Cost efficiency in the Swiss gas distribution sector. Energy Economics, 28, 1050-1062. ASSIGNMENT 2 (Y) Basis for Project Methodology The specific method chosen for a certain project is based on the inherent characteristics of that project. There are as many methods as there are kinds of projects. The basis for choosing a method depends on the variables that differentiate one project from another, like the level of complexity involved in the activity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following is the list of factors that may be the basis of project methodology: Project area Level of complexity Type of communication used   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the many considerations in project methodology decision-making is the project area. Is the project small, medium, or large? Even this question requires some thinking, since the size of a project is arbitrary. It depends on the sizes of other projects the manager or company considers as points of comparison. The area of the project may mean the geographical area concerned. For instance, an electric company that aims to build a network of electric facilities may be one kilometer by 500 meters. Judging whether this is small, medium, or large varies from one project to another. There may have been other similar projects built, requiring only two or three hectares of land. In such cases, this project may be considered large in area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The area can also be seen in terms of influence. In the example of an electric company building a network of electric facilities, the area may mean the number of households it would serve. Again, judging whether a number of ten-thousand households is small, medium or large depends on other similar projects made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another basis is the level of complexity involved in the project. Complexity can be measured by how many interactions among units are required to accomplish a task, and judging the data whether the project system is simple or complex. In the above example, measuring the complexity of building a network of electric facilities may require determining the organization of managers and workers that are involved in the project. Some organizations interact according to hierarchy. These kinds of organizations tend to be simple because there are defined ways on how the units interact among one another. Some, which are more complex, require units to interact in different ways. To put it concretely, let us say that the electric company assigns the maintenance department to be always under the engineering department, which means that the staff would only take commands from the latter. This is a simple scenario. A complex scenario would be when the company assigns the maintenance department to communicate with the other divisions of the company in accomplishing its own task. The connection between complexity and method is that the complexity determines the method. After knowing a project’s level of complexity, the method may then be configured depending on this information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third basis is communication. What is the message of the project? What are the kinds of media used? For whom is the message? These are significant things to take in mind when characterizing what sort of communication exists in an activity. Is the electric company making use of an intranet, which simplifies complex interactions? What tools are used for one division to communicate with another? Are telephones preferred over online chatting between departments?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also significant to determine the contexts in which communication occurs. Is it one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many? Determining this also affects the level of complexity of the project. A one-to-one communication is simple but slow and inefficient. A one-to-many communication is fast and efficient, but the message reception loses quality. Many-to-many communication is fast and complex, thereby increasing the level of complexity in the project. Decisions regarding matters on communication are only part of choosing what methodology to use. Criteria for Best Project Methodology In order to illustrate how one method is better than another given a specific project, let us take the following popular methods in project management: Waterfall Development, Rational Unified Process, and Extreme Programming (Asrilhant, 2005). These are the best methods in project management because they generally are flexible to different factors, like budget and project size. They compliment each other. One strategy’s weakness is another’s strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the project has high budget, one may say that the Waterfall Development is the best method for it. That is because this method requires little or zero corrections in inputs. This is possible because the planning function of the management is more crucial. A low budget means a high risk to undertake the project. Therefore, quality planning is indispensable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instance, if the electric company funds a 5-hectare electric network facility 30% lower than similar projects, the management has to undertake Waterfall Development. This means the planning function is geared on decreasing costs. There will be much labor required on the part of engineers and analysts to increase the level of certainty in inputs. The company cannot afford to do experimentations and much testing. High technical proficiency is required.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the project entails intermediate risk, and there is an intermediate number of staff who would man it, then the Rational Unified Process may be used as the best methodology. This is because risk management is balanced with a medium amount of budget or allowance for failure in inputs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the electric company funds a 10-hectare electric network facility 2% lower than similar projects, the management may afford to increase the costs of testing and experimenting with inputs to produce outputs in electric services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, if there is a need for regular testing and experimentation of inputs, and corrections in testing failures, then the Extreme Programming may be undertaken as the best methodology. Budget given here is high, and the risks are lower. The population of staff is also considerably higher than the two other methodologies. Here, the management can afford to run the risk of losing resources, albeit with prudence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Determining which method is best for a project requires measuring the amount of risks associated with the project, the budget allocated for the activity, the number of participants in the staff, and the affordability of the project to receive failing outputs. References: Asrilhant, Boris. (2005). On the strategic project management process in the UK indutrial sector. Omega, 35, 89-103. ASSIGNMENT 3 Alternative Classification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rationale of having a new project classification is to respond against the inefficiencies of the older classifications. The project method concerns itself much on the processes and ways on how tasks are carried out in the activity. However, it is too formalistic and technical. It is formalistic because it is focused on empirical observations. It is too technical because it does not leave room for speculation and theorizing. There is a huge chance that it will lose sight of the project’s objectives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The project end-product, being goal-oriented, is weak on the part of specific matters. It may lose sight on technical issues such as the method of computation to use in estimating labor costs. If a firm that manufactures cars undertake an activity in which the project is classified as belonging under the project end-product, the managers will fall short on practicality. Important details are missed, like the choosing of a certain metal as a material in making automobiles. There may be one end-product but there are many methods in which inputs can be processed into outputs. These methods determine the level of costs associated with the production. If a company is too concerned about output, it loses sight on the possibility of gaining productivity by merely choosing the method. This is to say that a new classification is needed—a new classification that would account for the weaknesses of project methodology and project end-product. Since the two classifications do not take into consideration certain factors of production and labor, which are important determinants of the success of a project, a new chosen classification is labeling projects according to the types of constraints. The traditional constrains in a project are the following: Time Cost Production Labor These variables define the shape or form of the project. Changing one variable changes the whole project in its entirety. To illustrate, assume that an automobile manufacturing company undertakes a project of creating fifty units of luxury cars. The time constraint associated with the project makes it different from all the other projects with similar methods and end-products. For instance, this project is similar to five other projects whose goals are also to create fifty units of luxury cars. The only hypothetical difference is the amount of days required to accomplish it. This is to say that a project is different from another when there is a significant time interval between the required time to accomplish one project and the required time to accomplish another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is too trivial if the manager only relies on the time constraint. Costs are also important contributors of project type determination. The amount of money allotted for a budget determines the influence of the project on the area it is being undertaken, and on the unit is serving. This is an indispensable category because the cost also gives way to knowing the area and quality of the project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the car company gives a budget to a car-manufacturing project which is 50% lower than that of another project with similar end-product, then the two projects are different because the former is constrained in using resources. It must tap the planning function of the management at its best, because it cannot afford high risks and high expenses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Production is a consequence of the cost constraint. The number of cars to be produced by the company depends on the allotted budget in producing these cars. Consequently, this is also related to labor in the sense that, if the budget is low and the production is high, then the labor must be intensive. It is empirically impossible to increase labor if the budget remains the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, projects can be classified according to the variability of their traditional constraints. They be classified as the following: Long-term undertaking, high-budgeted, labor intensive. Mid-term undertaking, with intermediate budget, intermediate production, and medium labor intensiveness. Short-term undertaking, low-budgeted, small production, and low concentration in labor. This is not to say that there are only three ways to classify projects. There are different permutations of classifying them because a project can be both long-term and low-budgeted, short-term and high-budgeted, and the like. There are twenty-seven combinations possible for the project manager. It is helpful for the project manager because there are varied choices to be undertaken with this typology. Enhancement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This classification gives an enhanced understanding of project management because the inefficiencies of project end-product and project method are revealed and solved. The old classification system is poor because there are only small categories where projects fall under. In logic, the lesser concepts there are to stand for heterogeneous things, the more abstract the ideas become. By taking into consideration the traditional constraints of a project, and basing from it to form a new project classification, one achieves a more concrete and detailed description of the different projects that are to be executed. Project classification, through this kind of classification, becomes more useful not only as a mere science of classification. It also helps management keep an improved system of managing the projects, thereby increasing productivity and output quality. This project classification also enhances the understanding on the content of projects. Project method concerns itself with the processed item but not the one being processed. Project end-product concerns itself with the output but not the materials or inputs that led to its creation. This classification gives a new lens through which projects are seen by the manager. References: Project management. Retrieved September 4, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management#Project_systems

Innocence Lost by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay -- Nathaniel Hawthorne Inn

Innocence Lost by Nathaniel Hawthorne My Kinsman, Major Molineux and Young Goodman Brown present Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief in the universality of sin. These works provide numerous perspectives into the nature of the human condition and the individual’s role within it. Hawthorne fictionalizes a world where communion with man is essential for spiritual satisfaction. The main characters of these stories face moral dilemmas through their pursuit of human communion. Whether the problems are moral, psychological, or both, Hawthorne insists that the individual must come to affirm a tie with the procession of life, must come to achieve some sense of brotherhood of man. In order to commune with mankind, one has to give up a secure, ordered and innocent world. The individual becomes liable to a fearsome array of complex emotions. One feels alienated by a community that forces himself to corruption while his isolation creates an ambiguity. The newly initiated into the rites of man appears no more moral than th ose who he disdains. Hawthorne presents a world where communion with mankind leads to corruption while isolation from humans is an unpardonable sin. Nathaniel Hawthorne presents an interesting predicament in man's search for communion with his fellow man. Coming of age in Hawthorne's time requires an affirmation of sin, communion with sinners and celebration of life through sin. Hawthorne creates this environment by grounding the consequences on earth. To feel the universal throb of brotherhood, one must recognize sin, participate in and celebrate it. Hawthorne affirms, recognizes and revels in the depravity of the human condition. The first fatal step of understanding human nature is a self-conscious probing that ends in confusion. The story of My Kinsmen, Major Molineux presents the youthful character of Robin on his way from the country to the town of Boston. He wishes to succeed within the community, and figures that it will not be difficult because of his connection through Major Molineux, a prominent figure of the community. Hawthorne erodes innocence slowly through the harsh experience of urban realities. Robin’s initial contact with the residents of this community jostles his confidence. He does not yet understand the harshness of adults and happily continues on his way. But Hawthorne underscores the cost of his yearning. Robin has t... ... later. Camus insists Sisyphus is happy or there is no joy or redemption for life on earth. The profundity of Hawthorne is apparent in his notions of the human condition. Nathaniel Hawthorne concludes his discovery of sin in the human condition at the point of universal appeal. The key for Hawthorne’s understanding of the human condition is the recognition of the universality of sin. So take this work for its imperfections, instead of tormenting these ideas with the harsh meter stick of faithless standards. Nathaniel Hawthorne believes that understanding man is understanding its moral condition of imperfection. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Ethan Brand†. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. Norton Critical Edition. New York: Norton, 1987. 231-244. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux†. Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. 1173-1186. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. 1198-1207. Stubbs, John C. The Pursuit of Form: a study of Hawthorne and the romance. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1970.

Canon

Case Study Introduction Canon is one of the most recognisable brands worldwide. It is a Japanese Multinational Enterprise (MNE), specialised on manufacturing of imaging and optical products, including printers, cameras and copiers. This paper will investigate on the degree of global expansion of Canon. It will focus on the problem statement on how Canon evolved from a Japanese company to a global player. First, this paper starts with Canon’s structure and their background. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on the motivations, means and mentalities of expanding and an analysis of the international context.Next to that,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sama jouw stuk!. Finally, this paper will describe the social responsibility of Canon and will end with a conclusion. Background of Canon Canon focuses on three different groups: the Customer, the Office and the Industry and others. They are producing a lot of different products but the most important are for the Customer: cameras, camcorders, print ers, projectors, scanners and equipment. For the Office: laser/ large-format printers, multifunction devices, solutions software, cartidges. For Industry and others: lithograpy systems, card printers, radiography systems, vacuum equipment, components. Canon, 2011). Founded in 1933, Canon started as a small laboratory in Tokyo. At the time, all high-quality cameras were European with the majority coming from Germany. It was in this small room that young people with a big dream began to work on producing a high-quality Japanese camera, this was the start of Canon. In 1950, Canon's first president, Takeshi Mitarai, went to America for the first time to attend an international trade fair. He got a lot of inspiration and good ideas and started to build a new factory as modern as in the US. In 1955, Canon made its first step into the global market with the opening of a U.S. office in New York City. In 1970, Canon was doing really good but was hit by dollar and oil shocks. In 1976, Canon l aunched its Premier Company Plan, an ambitious strategy to transform Canon into an â€Å"excellent global company†. The plan proposed high ideals and pooled the strength of its employees, enabling the company to promptly recover. Then, in 1988, Canon introduced its corporate philosophy of kyosei, an unfamiliar term at the time. We will elaborate on this later in the report. In the 1990s, Canon carried debt of more than 840 billion yen and in 1996 the Excellent Global Corporation Plan was launched.Transforming the corporate mindset from partial to total optimization and from a focus on sales to a focus on profits, the new plan was the start of the innovations that characterize today's Canon. From 2001 to 2010 the number of employees almost doubled, this shows the huge growth of Canon in the last years. (Canon, 2011) Canon’s global expansion Canon satisfies both requirements for being a Multinational Enterprise according to Bartlett and Beamish (2011, p. 2), such as subs tantial direct investment in foreign countries and active management in foreign subsidiaries.Canon goes beyond the trading relationships of an import-export business in countries such as France and Australia. The headquarter in Japan plays however a crucial role in determining organizational culture and strategy. This can also be seen in the representation of the Board of Directors which consists exclusively of Japanese. (Canon, 2011). Canon’s mentality can be categorized as Global. The production of the mainly standardized products takes place to a large extend in Japan, but also in the US, Germany, France, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.These few plants are highly efficient, which provides economies of scale but also transparency of quality. When considering the products itself world is seen as one Due to the organizational structure the Japanese headquarter takes over the central coordination and control of the subsidiaries, their various product or business manage rs have worldwide responsibility. Furthermore R&D and manufacturing activities are managed from Japan. R&D subsidiaries are located in France, China, the Philippines and Australia but mainly Japan. Canon, 2011). Main motivations for Canon to expand their activities globally were mainly due to market-seeking behaviour and increasing scale economies. Especially in the technology sector where competition is increasing, R&D costs are rising and product life cycles are becoming shorter, so Canon was forced to expand if it wanted to gain first mover advantages. This is in line with the principle of global chess. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 4). Canon operates in an international industry, where technological forces are central.As mentioned above the technology industry is fast moving, highly competitive and requires huge R&D investments. Therefore Canon need to follow the international strategy and focusses on its ability to exploit technological forces and leveraging international life cycles. Furthermore its business also contains some attributes of a global industry, such as highly centralized, scale-intensive manufacturing and R&D operations, which allows Canon to leverage through worldwide exports of standardized global goods. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 123).Besides competitive positioning, global scanning and learning capability play a crucial role. This responsibility is usually taken over by the R&D departments. However Canon adjusts to local needs mainly in marketing activities. In order to reach the local market Canon focused on marketing activities. Headquarters for marketing activities are located in Japan, New York (USA), Florida (Central and South America, Caribbean) London and the Netherlands (Europe), Dubai (Middle East) and Singapore (South East Asia). Numerous local marketing offices are places in almost every country where products of Canon can be purchased. Canon, 2011). After having analysed Canon’s administrative heritage, clearly in line with the Japanese tradition, the EPG framework can be applied. On the first sight Canon seems to be mainly ethnocentric oriented. (Perlmutter, 1969). Performance criteria for products and managers are clearly formulated in Japan. Managers of the subsidiaries are Japanese, many of them are related. (Flannery, 2011). This also shows the cultural distance between Japan and the western business world. Further culture distances include differences in social norms, such as the principle of â€Å"saving face† and of course a language barrier.Many differences were embraced by Canon by expanding globally. An example of this is the implementation of a FengShui activity for employees in Europe. Furthermore Japanese do not expect foreigners to have comprehensive knowledge of the Japanese culture and tolerate mistakes. Overall Canon managed to overcome most of these obstacles without losing their Japanese identity. (Ghemawat, 2001). When considering marketing activities, Canon manag ed to capture and target all the different local market needs and appears to implement a world-wide approach and not just following home-country objectives.Part Sama!!!! Corporate Social Responsibility Initially international expansion was viewed as something very positive. It would not only help the richest nations, but also the poorer countries were able to benefit from globalization. However, in the last years of the 20th century contradicting views were arising. People saw a lot of drawbacks, globalization was seen as continued exploitation by MNEs. The growing gap between the rich and the poor was seen as an evidence of this exploitation. There was a need for a different approach and many people believed that MNEs could provide a solution.Because MNEs controlled the resources and power, they should play a larger role in the global development. (Bartlett & Beamish, 2011, p. 646) Canon is a perfect example of a company who is trying to be responsible and who wants to take care of the world. In 1988 Canon officially introduced its corporate philosophy of  kyosei. This means ‘living and working together for the common good’ (Canon, 2011). They want to achieve this in a community in which all people, regardless of language, culture or ethnicity, live together.Based on the concept of kyosei and with the idea of their â€Å"excellent global corporation† plan in mind, Canon tries to take the responsibility for the impact of its activities on society. (Canon, 2010) Besides that they also focus on CSR internally, a nice example is the change of offices in 2008. They implemented Feng-Shui in their European offices to remedy a real, modern problem: high levels of employee office stress and rage. In the end, a Zen Workplace was created by a US-based Feng Shui Master consultant. (Mainini, 2007) According to Bartlett and Beamish (2011, p. 49) there are four MNE responses to developing world needs. The first one is the exploitive MNE, this company o nly focuses on making profit and does not care about the community at all. The issue of sweatshops is common within these companies. The second response is one of a transactional MNE, today this is viewed as the minimum expectation of MNE’s behaviour. These companies do not pursue the bottom-line at all costs but respect laws and regulations. The third approach is the responsive MNE, they are making a difference. Canon can be categorized into this category.They really try to make a difference and not only for their own benefits. The question that could arise is if Canon should try to move to the fourth one, the transformative MNE? In this transformative approach companies are trying to lead the change, so take a initiative to set up projects. In our view this should not be the aim for Canon, they are already making a huge difference because of their commitment to society. A good example to show why they are still a responsive MNE is the investment of Canon after the recent Ja panese earthquake, their commitment was enormous but this was also due to their own damage.The most important reason for their action was their own recover. This is in line with Prahalad and Hammond (2002), companies can help the community profitably. On March 11, 2011 a great Japanese earthquake caused a lot of damage. This earthquake took place where Canon’s operations are based. Canon acted immediatley and supported the Red Cross Society with a financial donation but more important with portable digital radiography systems. This system has shown to be effective in contributing to medical activities in disaster areas.The earthquake caused damage to buildings and equipment of Canon, but most of all their supply chain was hitten. Canon realized the only way of minimizing the impact was a rapid recovery so they concentrated all of their resources and tried to provide customers still with a supply of their products. (Canon, 2011) Canon focuses on two different parts of the comm unity, the social and cultural support activities and environmental acitivities. This is still a really broad focus, because they want to be committed to everyone and everything.Their environmental view is the produce – use – recycle circle, in which they want to reduce their environmental impact in every stage. (Appendix, figure 1) Canon is also focused on the social and cultural support activities. Canon Global uses the philosophy of Kyosei to focus their CSR iniatives in a couple of categories. They are humanitarian aid and relief, art, culture and sports, education and science, local communities, social welfare and conservation of the environment. Due to cultural differences and needs, the implementation of projects varies between branches. Canon, 2010) Conclusion The aim of this paper was to investigate in the evolution of Canon from a Japense company to a global player. †¦. blabla Conclusion!!!!!!! * References Bartlett, C. A. & Beamish, P. W. (2011). Transn ational Management, Text, Cases, and Readings in Cross-Border Management. (6th ed. ) New York: McGraw-Hill. Canon. (2010). Social and Cultural support activities. Retrieved from: http://www. canon. com/scsa/index. html Canon. (2011). Canon support relief efforts following Japan quake. Retrieved from: http://www. canon. om/scsa/aid_relief/support/japan_quake/index. html Canon. (2011). Canon up to now. Retrieved from: http://www. canon. com/about/history/outline. html Canon. (2011). Products. Retrieved from: http://www. canon. com/products/ Canon. (2011). Sustainability report. Retrieved from: http://www. canon. com/environment/ Flannery, N. P. (2011). Japanese Business Culture and the Value of Good Governance. Retrieved from: http://foundersforum. gmiratings. com/2011/11/japanese-business-culture-and-the -value-of-good-governance. html Ghemawat, P. (2001).Distance Still Matters: The Hard Reality of Global Expansion. Transnational Management, Reading 1. 2. Mainini, S. F. (2007). Zen W orkplace, how to use Feng Shui to reduce office stress? Retrieved from: http://www. canon-europe. com/Images/Feng_Shui_report-v1_0_tcm13-612885. pdf Perlmutter, H. (1969). The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation. Transnational Management, Reading 1. 1. Prahalad, C. K. & Hammond, A. (2002). Serving the World’s Poor, Profitably. Transnational Management, Reading 8. 2. Appendix Figure 1 Canon. (2011) Sustainibility report

Essay on All American Students Must Learn Standard English

All American Students Must Learn Standard English What are words? A simple question such as this would in theory demand only a simple answer. Words, however, take such an abundance of forms that creating a truly inclusive definition for the notion of â€Å"words† is daunting. In its physical manifestation, a word is little more than air passing over taut tendons, forming sounds which are accented by flicks of the tongue against the teeth and roof of the mouth. These sounds are arranged in patterns that come to be recognized and accepted as words. But are these sounds all that words represent?—certainly not. Words command power. Although the defiant playground motto states that â€Å"sticks and stones may break bones, but words can never hurt,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦According to Geneva Smitherman, in her book Talkin and Testifyin, standard English as we know it today flourished in the eighteenth century to fill the void left by the decline of Latin (186). African American Vernacular English, or Ebonics, a lso formed to meet a specific need. Contrary to popular belief, Ebonics rose out of 19th Century southern slave culture, not out of repeated use of â€Å"sloppy† speech. Slaves who were strictly oppressed by their masters were not allowed to peaceably assemble or meet with each other for any purpose. Such freedom, slave owners feared, could foster coercive ideas amongst their slaves. Slaves, therefore, needed a language that would allow them to communicate with each other in a clandestine manner. Ebonics rose to meet this need (Smitherman 19). Using Ebonics, slaves were able to communicate behind their masters’ backs and form a unity that was instrumental in the perseverance of African American culture through the unspeakable trials of slavery. Almost one hundred and forty years after Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery, the need which Ebonics originally rose to meet is no longer present. 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